Review of the genus Eotilla Schuster, 1949 (Hymenoptera: Typhoctinae, Eotillini) 2: species from Chile.

The Eotillini primarily occur in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. This paper treats the Chilean species of Eotilla Schuster, 1949. In addition to E. mickeli Schuster, 1949, six new species are described, based on males: E. ferruginea Brothers & Torrns sp. nov., E. punctata Brothers & Torrns sp. nov., E. setosa Brothers & Torrns sp. nov., E. fidalgoi Brothers & Torrns sp. nov., E. packeri Brothers & Torrns sp. nov. and E. pallidipes Brothers & Torrns sp. nov.. The previously unknown female of E. mickeli is also described. The distributions of both genera of Eotillini and their possible evolutionary history and zoogeography as related to the uplift of the Andes Mountains are briefly discussed.

Solving nomenclatural problems of genus-group names of the cuckoo-wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae): objectively invalid and unavailable names, new type-species designations, new names, a new genus and new synonymies.

Information is provided for 143 objectively invalid or unavailable genus-group names used in Chrysididae; 34 are objectively invalid, of which 18 are junior homonyms (five of these are also currently junior subjective synonyms), 18 are junior objective synonyms (two of these are also junior homonyms) of which seven are unjustified emendations, and two are unnecessary replacement names. The remaining 109 names are unavailable; 96 are incorrect subsequent spellings, most of them were originally lapsus calami or misprints, one is hereby deemed to be an incorrect original spelling, eight are nomina nuda, three were originally published as junior synonyms and never adopted before 1961 as valid names of any taxa, and one is a vernacular name previously considered as valid. Gender, type species, taxonomic history and status are given for each name except for incorrect subsequent spellings and unjustified emendations. Some cases of homonymies with taxa currently classified as non-animal are discussed. For two such junior homonyms, denoting genus-group taxa considered as valid in the present work, new replacement names are proposed: Linsenmaierella Rosa & Pavesi nom. nov. for Chrysidella Linsenmaier, nec Pascher; and Rhipidochrysis Rosa & Pavesi nom. nov. for Pleurochrysis Bohart, nec Pringsheim. New generic synonymies are established: consequent on new type-species designations, Leptoglossa Klug becomes a junior objective synonym of Parnopes Latreille syn. nov., and Pyrochloris Klug becomes a junior objective synonym of Euchroeus Latreille syn. nov.; Pseudodichrysis Trautmann is a junior objective synonym of Dichrysis Lichtenstein syn. nov. and the latter is in turn a junior subjective synonym of Chrysis Linnaeus. Platycelia Dahlbom is selected by the authors, acting as First Revisers, as the correct original spelling, and the simultaneously published Platycoelia is therefore deemed to be an incorrect subsequent spelling. The validation of Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, not available when originally proposed, is discussed. Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi gen. nov. (type species: Chrysis pulchella Spinola) is here described; it includes members of the Chrysis pulchella species group previously included in Gonodontochrysis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol'skaya, an unavailable name. The Chrysis zaravshanica species group is merged with the pulchella species group. A new specific synonymy within this group is proposed: Chrysis zaravshanica Tarbinsky syn. nov. of C. personata Semenov-Tian-Shanskij.

Critical analysis of the type material of Mutillidae described from the Australasian Region (Hymenoptera).

The type material of all species-group taxa described from the Australasian Region (including Wallacea) is discussed, and photographs of all extant primary type specimens are provided. To facilitate subsequent work and fix the identities of the taxa, 136 lectotypes are designated where appropriate. Type localities are traced and delimited as accurately as possible, and listed. The currently valid name for each taxon is provided and incorporated in a checklist of 324 species-group taxa. Although no critical revisionary taxonomic studies are involved here, ten new combinations for taxa which are obviously misplaced according to current generic concepts are provided: Bothriomutilla condonensis (Turner) comb. nov., from Ephutomorpha; Bothriomutilla doddi (Bingham) comb. nov., from Mutilla; Ephutomorpha lacinia (Smith) comb. nov., from Mutilla; Ephutomorpha xiphognatha (Andr) comb. nov., from Pseudomethoca; Odontomyrme cordatiformis (Turner) comb. nov., from Ephutomorpha; Odontomyrme elderi (Froggatt) comb. nov., from Mutilla; Odontomyrme fulvodorsalis (Turner) comb. nov., from Ephutomorpha; Odontomyrme haematogastra (Andr) comb. nov., from Ephutomorpha; Orientilla manni (Krombein) comb. nov., from Stenomutilla; Neotrogaspidia tricarinata (Zavattari) comb. nov., from Mutilla and Trogaspidia. A new synonymy is also proposed: Trogaspidia cooki (Andr, 1895) = Curvitropidia pulawskii Pagliano, 2020 syn. nov. Corrections of publication dates for several publications are made, and brief comments on the geographic distribution of the Australasian mutillids are also provided.

Review of Calomutilla Mickel, 1952, a new species, and comparison with Pertyella Mickel, 1952 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

Calomutilla panamensis Cambra, Brothers Quintero sp. nov., female and male from Panama and Venezuela, and the hitherto unknown male of Calomutilla crucigera (Burmeister, 1854), are described and illustrated. Calomutilla panamensis represents the northernmost distribution record of this Neotropical genus and the first record from Venezuela. A key to species, photographs of the types of most species, and a brief description about the mating behavior of C. panamensis are presented. The differentiation of Calomutilla and Pertyella Mickel, 1952 is discussed and illustrated for both sexes.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Preface.

During the past 20 decades, many taxonomic and ecological studies were undertaken on different taxa of a fascinating, biologically diverse group of insects, the aculeate wasps, in different areas of the Arabian Peninsula. These wasps comprise all Aculeata, except for the ants (Formicidae) and bees (Anthophila) which are specialized monophyletic groups that have attracted more focused attention across the world. The Arabian studies have been published in the form of scattered articles in various journals, newsletters, book chapters, etc., many being rather obscure and difficult to trace. Recently, the number of such studies has increased as a result of targeted collecting projects. The results of most of these have now been published, making this an opportune time to collect all the available information into a single volume that makes it more accessible to researchers interested in this group of insects. In the process, this provides us an opportunity to estimate the diversity and distributions of aculeate wasps in the Arabian countries. This is also important for the development of the Arabian national collections, especially in aggregating taxonomic changes with their subsequent synonymous forms and pointing out the very many gaps in sampling, so indicating where additional work is needed.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Overview.

The current knowledge of the distribution and diversity of extant aculeate wasps (Aculeata excluding ants and bees) in the Arabian Peninsula (and Socotra) is reviewed. The number of species (1096 of which about 28% are apparently endemic) represents about 3% of the world fauna, with Crabronidae the most diverse family (about 35% of Arabian species). Most species (46%) are Afrotropical, 37% are Palaearctic, and 17% are Indo-Malayan (Oriental).

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae.

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Bethylidae is provided here. The list includes 29 identified valid species in 25 genera and five subfamilies: Bethylinae (2 genera, 0 species), Epyrinae (5 genera, 8 species), Mesitiinae (7 genera, 13 species), Pristocerinae (5 genus, 1 species) and Scleroderminae (6 genera, 7 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; 17 species (59%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Chrysididae.

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Chrysididae is provided here. Three new synonymies (valid name first) are proposed: Chrysis mirifica Balthasar, 1953 = Chrysis dawahi Strumia, 2012 syn. nov.; Chrysis viridissima Klug, 1845 = Chrysis decolorata Strumia Dawah, 2019 syn. nov.; Trichrysis longispina (Mocsáry, 1912) = Trichrysis flavicornis Strumia Dawah, 2019 syn. nov.. Consequently, the list includes 124 identified species in 22 genera and three tribes, all in the subfamily Chrysidinae: Elampini (11 genera, 48 species), Chrysidini (9 genera, 73 species), and Parnopini (2 genera, 3 species). In addition, there is a single record of an unidentified species of the subfamily Cleptinae. Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; 41 species (33%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, as are five subspecies.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Bradynobaenidae.

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Bradynobaenidae is provided here. The list includes 40 identified species in four genera and one subfamily: Apterogyninae (Apterogyna, 9 species; Gynecaptera, 1 species; Macroocula, 24 species; Micatagla, 6 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; 29 species (73%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Mutillidae.

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Mutillidae is provided here. The list includes 64 identified species in 21 genera and five subfamilies: Dasylabrinae (2 genera, 16 species), Mutillinae (14 genera, 37 species), Myrmillinae (3 genera, 6 species), Pseudophotopsidinae (1 genus, 4 species), and Ticoplinae (1 genus, 1 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; 31 species (50%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Sapygidae.

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Sapygidae is provided here. The list includes a single identified valid species in the subfamily Sapyginae: Asmisapyga guichardi Gusenleitner. Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided; the species is not endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Pompilidae.

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Pompilidae is provided here. The list includes 119 identified valid species in 35 genera and three subfamilies: Ceropalinae (1 genus, 6 species), Pepsinae (6 genera, 26 species) and Pompilinae (28 genera, 87 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; 22 species (18%) are confined to the Arabian Peninsula.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Tiphiidae.

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Tiphiidae is provided here. The list includes 38 identified valid species in 10 genera and three subfamilies: Anthoboscinae (1 genus, 2 species), Myzininae (7 genera, 29 species), and Tiphiinae (2 genera, 7 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; 24 species (63%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.

Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Scoliidae.

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Scoliidae is provided here. The list includes nine identified valid species in four genera and two tribes, all in the subfamily Scoliinae: Campsomerini (2 genera, 3 species) and Scoliini (2 genera, 6 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; two species (22%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Scolia saudita Gadallah Brothers, nom. nov. is proposed for Scolia arabica Gadallah, 2004, nec Scolia arabica Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1845.

Revisited morphology applied for Systematics of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae).

The world fauna of the flat wasps (Bethylidae) is represented by about 3,000 valid species. The skeletal morphology of bethylids is still not adequately understood and the terminology is generally not standardized between its internal taxa and with other Hymenoptera families. The same scenario exists in most of the families in this order. To address this problem, we describe the external skeletal morphology of Bethylidae. We review the terms used to describe skeletal features in the Hymenoptera in general and a consensus terminology is proposed for Bethylidae, which is linked to the online Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology. The morphology of the studied specimens is illustrated with photos and line drawings. We also discuss the morphological variation at both subfamilial and generic ranks. Our analyses challenge hundreds of inappropriate, confused or imprecise terms traditionally used for Hymenoptera morphology. As a result, we have applied hundreds of updates of the terminology available online at the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.

Genus-group names of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera): corrections and updates since 2008.

Information is provided for 38 genus-group names in Mutillidae, of which 13 have been proposed as new since 2008. For 14 names, additional information is provided beyond that given in Lelej Brothers (2008), including a new synonymy (Cameronilla Lelej in Lelej Krombein, 2001 = Spilomutilla Ashmead, 1903). One additional nomen nudum and ten additional incorrect spellings discovered since 2008 are also included. Corrections to the dating and/or numbering of references and addition of references found to have been omitted in the earlier paper are also provided.

Four new species of Australian velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Aglaotilla) reared from bee and wasp nests, with a review of Australian mutillid host records.

Four species of velvet ants (Mutillidae) were reared from nests of solitary bees and wasps collected using trap nests in southwest Australia and identified using morphological and DNA barcoding approaches. All four species, Aglaotilla micra sp. nov., A. lathronymphos sp. nov., A. chalcea sp. nov. and A. schadophaga sp. nov., are described as new, the last three from both sexes. A. micra, A. lathronymphos and A. chalcea are parasitoids of wasps in the genera Pison and Aulacophilinus (Crabronidae), with A. chalcea also recorded from Paralastor (Vespidae). Aglaotilla schadophaga is a parasitoid of bees in the genus Megachile (Megachilidae). The biologies and known hosts of Australian Mutillidae are reviewed. Photographs are also provided of type material for Ephutomorpha aeneidorsis Turner, 1914 (=Aglaotilla discolor Brothers, 2018), Mutilla metallica Smith, 1855 and Ephutomorpha subelegans Rayment, 1933. The lectotype of E. subelegans is formally designated.

Aglaotilla, a new genus of Australian Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) with metallic coloration.

The genus Aglaotilla Brothers, gen. nov., is described for 14 striking species of Australian Mutillidae related to Ephutomorpha André, 1902, characterized by bright metallic coloration and strong punctation. The description of both sexes is possible through sex associations revealed by rearings from mud nests and trap nests. Both sexes of the type species, Ephutomorpha submetallescens Turner, 1916, are described and illustrated, the male for the first time. New combinations and a new name are proposed, as follows: Aglaotilla aeruginosa (Smith, 1879), comb. nov. (from Mutilla); A. australis (André, 1898), comb. nov. (from Mutilla); A. cuprea (André, 1901), comb. nov., stat. nov. (from Mutilla); A. dilecta (Turner, 1916), comb. nov. (from Ephutomorpha); A. ignita (Smith, 1855), comb. nov. (from Mutilla); A. metallica (Smith, 1855), comb. nov. (from Mutilla); A. mira (André, 1895), comb. nov. (from Mutilla (Sphaerophthalma [sic.])); A. nigroaenea (Smith, 1855), comb. nov. (from Mutilla); A. picturata (Turner, 1914), comb. nov. (from Ephutomorpha); A. semicuprea (André, 1898), comb. nov. (from Mutilla); A. submetallescens (Turner, 1916), comb. nov. (from Ephutomorpha); A. viridatis (Smith, 1855), comb. nov. (from Mutilla); A. viridiaurea (André, 1895), comb. nov. (from Mutilla (Sphaerophthalma [sic.])); A. discolor Brothers, nom. nov. (= Ephutomorpha aeneidorsis Turner, 1916, not Ephutomorpha lauta var. aeneidorsis André, 1903).